Java 11 Is Here!

URL codefx = new URL("http://codefx.org");
URLConnection connection = codefx.openConnection();
Reader reader = new BufferedReader(
	new InputStreamReader(
		connection.getInputStream()));

No no = new No();
AmountIncrease<BigDecimal> more =
	new BigDecimalAmountIncrease();
HorizontalConnection<LinePosition, LinePosition>
	jumping =
		new HorizontalLinePositionConnection();
Variable variable = new Constant(5);
List<String> names = List.of("Max", "Maria");

var codefx = new URL("http://codefx.org");
var connection = codefx.openConnection();
var reader = new BufferedReader(
	new InputStreamReader(
		connection.getInputStream()));

var no = new No();
var more = new BigDecimalAmountIncrease();
var jumping = new HorizontalLinePositionConnection();
var variable = new Constant(5);
var names = List.of("Max", "Maria");

rhetoricalQuestion.answer(yes -> "see my point?");

public interface InJava8 {

	default boolean evenSum(int... numbers) {
		return sum(numbers) % 2 == 0;
	}

	default boolean oddSum(int... numbers) {
		return sum(numbers) % 2 == 1;
	}

	default int sum(int[] numbers) {
		return IntStream.of(numbers).sum();
	}

}

public interface InJava9 {

	private int sum(int[] numbers) {
		return IntStream.of(numbers).sum();
	}

}

void doSomethingWith(Connection connection)
		throws Exception {
	try(Connection c = connection) {
		c.doSomething();
	}
}

try(Connection c = connection)

void doSomethingWith(Connection connection)
		throws Exception {
	try(connection) {
		connection.doSomething();
	}
}

List<String> strings = new ArrayList<>();

<T> Box<T> createBox(T content) {
	// we have to put the `T` here :(
	return new Box<T>(content) { };
}

<T> Box<T> createBox(T content) {
	return new Box<>(content) { };
}

Box<?> createCrazyBox(Object content) {
	List<?> innerList = Arrays.asList(content);
	// compile error
	return new Box<>(innerList) { };
}

private <T> Optional<T> firstNonNull(T... args) {
	return stream(args)
			.filter(Objects::nonNull)
			.findFirst();
}

Possible heap pollution from
parameterized vararg type

private <T> T[] replaceTwoNulls(
		T value, T first, T second) {
	return replaceAllNulls(value, first, second);
}

private <T> T[] replaceAllNulls(T value, T... args) {
	// loop over `args`, replacing `null` with `value`
	return args;
}

@SafeVarargs
private <T> Optional<T> firstNonNull(T... args) {
	return // [...]
}

Invalid SafeVarargs annotation. Instance
method <T>firstNonNull(T...) is not final.

import java.io.LineNumberInputStream;

@Deprecated
public class DeprecatedImports {

	LineNumberInputStream stream;

}

String strip();
String stripLeading();
String stripTrailing();

" foo bar ".strip().equals("foo bar");

boolean isBlank();

string.isBlank() == string.strip().isEmpty();

Stream<String> lines();

List<String> list = [ "a", "b", "c" ];
Map<String, Integer> map = [ "one" = 1, "two" = 2 ];

List<String> list = List.of("a", "b", "c");
Map<String, Integer> mapImmediate = Map.of(
		"one", 1,
		"two", 2,
		"three", 3);
Map<String, Integer> mapEntries = Map.ofEntries(
		entry("one", 1),
		entry("two", 2),
		entry("three", 3));

/* on List */ List<E> copyOf(Collection<E> coll);
/* on Set */ Set<E> copyOf(Collection<E> coll);
/* on Map */ Map<K, V> copyOf(Map<K,V> map);

public Customer(List<Order> orders) {
	this.orders = List.copyOf(orders);
}

long zero = Stream.ofNullable(null).count();
long one = Stream.ofNullable("42").count();

iterate(
	T seed,
	Predicate<T> hasNext,
	UnaryOperator<T> next);

Stream
	.iterate(1, i -> i<=10, i -> 2*i)
	.forEach(System.out::println);
// output: 1 2 4 8

Enumeration<Integer> en = // ...
Stream.iterate(
		en.nextElement(),
		el -> en.hasMoreElements(),
		el -> en.nextElement())
	.forEach(System.out::println);

Stream<T> takeWhile(Predicate<T> predicate);

Stream.of("a-", "b-", "c-", "", "e-")
	.takeWhile(s -> !s.isEmpty());
	.forEach(System.out::print);

// output: a-b-c-

Stream<T> dropWhile(Predicate<T> predicate);

Stream.of("a-", "b-", "c-", "de-", "f-")
	.dropWhile(s -> s.length() <= 2);
	.forEach(System.out::print);

// output: de-f-

Collector<T, ?, List<T>> toUnmodifiableList();

Collector<T, ?, Set<T>> toUnmodifiableSet();

Collector<T, ?, Map<K,U>> toUnmodifiableMap(
	Function<T, K> keyMapper,
	Function<T, U> valueMapper);
// plus overload with merge function

boolean isEmpty()

T orElseThrow()

T orElse(T other)
T orElseGet(Supplier<T> supplier)
T orElseThrow()
	throws NoSuchElementException
T orElseThrow(
	Supplier<X> exceptionSupplier)
	throws X

Optional<T> or(Supplier<Optional<T>> supplier);

public interface Search {
	Optional<Customer> inMemory(String id);
	Optional<Customer> onDisk(String id);
	Optional<Customer> remotely(String id);

	default Optional<Customer> anywhere(String id) {
		return inMemory(id)
			.or(() -> onDisk(id))
			.or(() -> remotely(id));
	}

}

void ifPresentOrElse(
	Consumer<T> action,
	Runnable emptyAction);

void logLogin(String id) {
	findCustomer(id)
		.ifPresentOrElse(
			this::logCustomerLogin,
			() -> logUnknownLogin(id));
}

Stream<T> stream();

private Optional<Customer> findCustomer(String id) {
	// ...
}

Stream<Customer> findCustomers(List<String> ids) {
	return ids.stream()
		.map(this::findCustomer)
		// now we have a Stream<Optional<Customer>>
		.filter(Optional::isPresent)
		.map(Optional::get)
}

private Optional<Customer> findCustomer(String id) {
	// ...
}

Stream<Customer> findCustomers(List<String> ids) {
	return ids.stream()
		.map(this::findCustomer)
		// now we have a Stream<Optional<Customer>>
		// we can now filter-map in one step
		.flatMap(Optional::stream)
}

List<Order> findOrdersForCustomer(String id) {
	return findCustomer(id)
		.map(this::getOrders) // eager
		.orElse(new ArrayList<>());
}

Stream<Order> findOrdersForCustomer(String id) {
	return findCustomer(id)
		.stream()
		.map(this::getOrders) // lazy
		.flatMap(List::stream);
}

HttpClient client = HttpClient.newBuilder()
	.version(HTTP_2)
	.connectTimeout(ofSeconds(5))
	.followRedirects(ALWAYS)
	.build();

HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
	.GET()
	.uri(URI.create("http://codefx.org"))
	.setHeader("header-name", "header-value")
	.build();

// the generic `String`...
HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(
	request,
	// ... comes from this body handler ...
	BodyHandlers.ofString());
// ... and defines `body()`s return type
String body = response.body();

CompletableFuture<String> responseBody = client
	.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString())
	.thenApply(this::logHeaders)
	.thenApply(HttpResponse::body);

Publisher<ByteBuffer> body = // ...
HttpRequest post = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
	.POST(BodyPublishers.fromPublisher(body))
	.build();
client.send(post, BodyHandlers.ofString())

Subscriber<String> body = // ...
HttpResponse<Void> response = client.send(
	request,
	BodyHandlers.fromLineSubscriber(subscriber));

void forEach (Consumer<StackFrame>);

public static void main(String[] args) { one(); }
static void one() { two(); }
static void two() {
	StackWalker.getInstance()
		.forEach(System.out::println);
}

// output
StackWalkingExample.two(StackWalking.java:14)
StackWalkingExample.one(StackWalking.java:11)
StackWalkingExample.main(StackWalking.java:10)

T walk (Function<Stream<StackFrame>, T>);

static void three() {
	String line = StackWalker.getInstance().walk(
		frames -> frames
			.filter(f -> f.getMethodName().contains("one"))
			.findFirst()
			.map(f -> "Line " + f.getLineNumber())
			.orElse("Unknown line");
	);
	System.out.println(line);
}

// output
Line 11

ls /home/nipa/tmp | grep pdf

Path dir = Paths.get("/home/nipa/tmp");
ProcessBuilder ls = new ProcessBuilder()
		.command("ls")
		.directory(dir.toFile());
ProcessBuilder grepPdf = new ProcessBuilder()
		.command("grep", "pdf")
		.redirectOutput(Redirect.INHERIT);
List<Process> lsThenGrep = ProcessBuilder
		.startPipeline(List.of(ls, grepPdf));

Path.of(String); // ~ Paths.get(String)

Files.readString(Path);
Files.writeString(Path, CharSequence, ...);

Reader.transferTo(Writer);
ByteArrayInputStream.transferTo(OutputStream);

Reader.nullReader();
Writer.nullWriter();
InputStream.nullInputStream();
OutputStream.nullOutputStream();

DateTimeFormatter.localizedBy(Locale locale);

Collection.toArray(IntFunction<T[]> generator);
Predicate.not(Predicate<T> target); // static
Pattern.asMatchPredicate(); // ⇝ Predicate<String>

java HelloJava11.java

java --source 11 hello-java-11

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println(new Version().get());
	}

}

public class Version {

	public String get() { return "Java 8"; }

}

public class Version {

	public String get() { return "Java 9"; }

}

└ org
    └ codefx ... (moar folders)
        ├ Main.class
        └ Version.class
└ META-INF
    └ versions
        └ 9
            └ org
                └ codefx ... (moar folders)
                    └ Version.class

public class SystemOutLogger implements Logger {

	public String getName() { return "SystemOut"; }

	public boolean isLoggable(Level level) { return true; }

	public void log(
			Level level, ResourceBundle bundle,
			String format, Object... params) {
		System.out.println(/* ...*/);
	}

	// another, similar `log` method

}

public class SystemOutLoggerFinder
		extends LoggerFinder {

	public Logger getLogger(
			String name, Module module) {
		return new SystemOutLogger();
	}

}

module system.out.logger {
    provides java.lang.System.LoggerFinder
        with system.out.logger.SystemOutLoggerFinder;
}

$ java
	-XX:+UseAppCDS
	-XX:DumpLoadedClassList=classes.lst
	# class path for dependencies
	-jar app.jar

$ java
	-XX:+UseAppCDS
	-Xshare:dump
	-XX:SharedClassListFile=classes.lst
	-XX:SharedArchiveFile=app-cds.jsa
	--class-path app.jar # plus dependencies

$ java
	-XX:+UseAppCDS
	-Xshare:on
	-XX:SharedArchiveFile=app-cds.jsa
	# class path for dependencies
	-jar app.jar

String method = generateString(size);

public String work() {
	return "Calling method \"" + method + "\"";
}

String s = greeting + ", " + place + "!";